4. Addressing Environment/Climate Change Issues

4-1. Mitigation

4-1.(1) Promotion of mitigation measures

Yokohama Action Plan	Proposed Measures by Japan/Implementing Partners	Implementing Partners	Potential Resources, Possible Contributions (Summary)
[1]Support active participation by African countries in developing an effective framework beyond 2012 on climate change, in which all countries take actions and work together, based on the Bali Action Plan.	● Support active participation by African countries in the UNFCCC process to formulate an effective post-2012 framework, in which all major emitting countries take actions and work together, based on the Bali Action Plan	GoJ/EU	GoJ: Support by “Cool Earth Partnership”(*)
			EU: “Global Climate Change Alliance”(*)
[2]Promote the formulation of projects and awareness-raising campaigns for further implementation of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), and support the institutional and capacity development of Designated National Agencies in each country.	● Support investments in sustainable land and forest management and identification of emission reductions and carbon finance opportunities from REDD(Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries)	GoJ/WBG	GoJ: Support by "Cool Earth Partnership" and "Hatoyama Initiative" (*)
			WB: Help access to FCPF and CIF
	● Support the formulation on the Clean Development Mechanism(CDM) and Joint Implementation(JI) projects, including projects on new energy	GoJ（MOE）	Further implementaion of CDM
[3]Support the development of and access to basic information on forest resources and land use to encourage sustainable forest management and promote conservation and reforestation projects in response to Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries (REDD).	● Provide support for forest conservation in the Congo Basin	GoJ(MOFA)/JICA	GoJ(MOFA)/JICA:　Conduct the seminar for protection of tropical forest in Congo Basin*
	● Support the development of and access to basic information on forest resources to encourage sustainable forest management	GoJ（MEXT）	Provide ALOS/PALSAR data of Africa
	● Conserve and rehabilitate forests surrounding refugee camps suffering from deforestation	GoJ（MAFF）	(i) Formulate a technical manual for three African countries (FY 2008-2009), (ii) Project duration (FY 2006-2009*)
	● Support implementation of projects to promote sustainable forest management in Africa	GoJ(MOFA)/ITTO	GoJ (MOFA): Provide financial assistance ITTO: Implementation of projects
	● Implementation of ITTO Thematic Programmes (TP) approved by the International Tropical Timber Council in November 2008	GoJ/ITTO	GoJ: Provided partial financial assistance ITTO: Implementation of Thematic Programmes
	● Implementation of ITTO policy work regarding the promotion of the sustainable forest management (SFM) practices		GoJ: Provided full financial assistance ITTO: Implementation of activities
			GoJ: Provided partial financial assistance ITTO: Implementation of activities

4-1.(2) Promotion of the use of clean energy and improvement of energy access

Yokohama Action Plan	Proposed Measures by Japan/Implementing Partners	Implementing Partners	Potential Resources, Possible Contributions (Summary)
[1]Support the formulation of policies and plans to expand usage of renewable energy, and assist renewable energy programmes including facilitating transfer of management and maintenance technology.	● Support development and use of clean energy, including solar energy, through sector strategy and policy formulation and investment in renewable energy	GoJ/WBG	GoJ: Support by "Cool Earth Partnership" and "Hatoyama Initiative" (*)
			WBG: Co-finance key regional hydropower projects
			IFC: $ 4-5 million investment in clean energy
		UNIDO/Nigeria-Taraba State Government	Small Hydro Power Project in Taraba State (UNHCR: $225,000)
		UNIDO/Federal Ministry of Commerce and Industry of Nigeria	Pico hydro power project for Olusegun Obasanjo Presidential Library Complex Abeokuta ($ 105,154)
	● Support the promotion of biofuel production compatible with food security	GoJ（MAFF）	Examine the possibility of biofuel production compatible with food security in Africa (¥6 million for FY 2008)
		GoJ（METI）/UNIDO/UNIDO-ITPO Tokyo	Examine the potential of Jatropha(biofuel) production compatible with food security in partnership with private sector
	● Implementation of ITTO policy work related to the promotion of bio-energy, timber processing and forest investment	GoJ/ITTO	GoJ: Provided partial financial assistance ITTO: Implementation of projects
[2]Support the development and management of electricity power grid to promote improved access to and efficient use of electricity, and promote better access of the poor to affordable and efficient energy through comprehensive rural development programmes.	● Support the provision of affordable and clean energy for lighting African Human Settlements	UN-HABITAT	Support the project through Water and Sanitation Trust Fund ($ 1 million)

4-2.Adaptation

4-2.(0) Adaptation

Yokohama Action Plan	Proposed Measures by Japan/Implementing Partners	Implementing Partners	Potential Resources, Possible Contributions (Summary)
[1]Promote technical assistance such as establishing and updating the Global Map data for the entire Africa, describing the status of its environment in five years.	● Promote the Global Mapping Project	GoJ（MLIT）/GoJ（GSI）	Hold a meeting of ISCGM and a related event
			Provide technical support for the development and utilization of Global Map

4-2.(1) Measures against natural disasters

Yokohama Action Plan	Proposed Measures by Japan/Implementing Partners	Implementing Partners	Potential Resources, Possible Contributions (Summary)
[1]Support the formulation of natural disaster prevention and emergency activity plans based on the assessment of risk and vulnerability of each region to disasters including droughts and floods.	● Support the formulation of water resource management plans including (i) key hydrological assesments, (ii) flood risk management and (iii) appropriate water management technology initially focus on the countries under water stress	WBG	WBG: $ 306 million for flood risk management and preparedness in FY 2008
		GoJ（MLIT）/ICHARM	Technical Suport & Capacity Development
	● Provide emergency activity plans including life-saving assistance to children affected by disasters and protect their rights in emergencies	UNICEF	Support national governments and inter-agency early warning and preparedness activities to formulate and operate emergency activity plans
[2]Assist efforts to establish early warning systems and strengthen capacity at the community level to cope with natural disasters.	● Support disaster prevention and management capacity (focus on droughts and floods and main vulnerable countries)	GoJ/WBG	GoJ: Support by "Cool Earth Partnership" and "Hatoyama Initiative" (*)
			WBG: Undertake country needs assessments, provide estimated funding of $ 75 million IFC: Undertake adaptation pilot studies
	● Support activities regarding; 1) Development of knowledge base for Disaster Risk Reduction and Disaster Management; 2) Capacity building at regional level on disaster management; and 3)Providing technical support through CSAP volunteers in disaster management	Commonwealth	Commonwealth: ￡0.065M
	● Support poor rural communities to improve their ability to adapt to climate change	IFAD/International Bank for Reconstruction and Development	IFAD: US$1.1 million (Grant)

4-2.(2) Measures to combat desertification

Yokohama Action Plan	Proposed Measures by Japan/Implementing Partners	Implementing Partners	Potential Resources, Possible Contributions (Summary)
[1]Assist the development and dissemination of new and existing technologies for utilization of water resources, soil conservation and reforestation including utilization of drought-resistant plants.
[2]Assist efforts to raise awareness to combat desertification at the community level and introduce appropriate measures to reduce overgrazing, over-cultivation and deforestation.	● Support Adaptation to Climate Change in Marginal Environments through Sustainable Crop and Livestock Diversification	IFAD/International Center for Biosaline Agriculture	IFAD: US$1.4 million (Grant)
	● Support Mainstreaming Pro-Poor Livelihoods and Addressing Environmental Degradation with Bamboo	IFAD/International Network for Bamboo and Rattan	IFAD: US$1.5 million (Grant)

4-2.(3) Others

Yokohama Action Plan	Proposed Measures by Japan/Implementing Partners	Implementing Partners	Potential Resources, Possible Contributions (Summary)
	● Support African countries’ efforts for addressing and adapting to climate change at national, sub-national and community levels, under the Japan-UNDP Joint Framework for Partnering to Address Climate Change in Africa	GoJ(MOFA)/UNDP/GEF	GoJ (MOFA): Provide funds of $ 92.1 million as a part of the Japanese “Cool Earth Partnership”
			UNDP: Carry out the programme
			UNDP/GEF: Provide funds of $ 31 million
	● Support an initiative to assist African Human Settlements combating climate change impacts	UN-HABITAT	UN-HABITAT: Support the initiative ($ 3 million)
	● Support African countries’ effort for adapting to climate change at national and community levels	GoJ(MOFA)/UNDP	GoJ (MOFA): Support the projects through Japan-UNDP Partnership Fund UNDP: Implement the project ($1 million)
	● Support to the Community based Adaptation for Climate Change	UNDP/GEF/UNV/GoJ	UNV Japan Trust Fund: $1,000,000 / UNV Special Voluntary Fund: $552,909

4-3. Water and Sanitation

4-3.(0) Overall

Yokohama Action Plan	Proposed Measures by Japan/Implementing Partners	Implementing Partners	Potential Resources, Possible Contributions (Summary)
		GoJ(MOFA)/JICA/WBG	GoJ (MOFA)/JICA: Grants and technical assistance out of ¥30 billion on water and sanitation (*)
			WBG: Target of providing water to 2.5 million people a year through 50,000 connections and 4,500 community water points

4-3.(1) Effective water resources management

Yokohama Action Plan	Proposed Measures by Japan/Implementing Partners	Implementing Partners	Potential Resources, Possible Contributions (Summary)
[1]Assist formulation of water cycle management plans based on the assessment of potential water resources and specific local conditions and the improvement of administrative capacity to implement these plans. [2]Promote the transfer of technology and expertise on water resources management with due consideration to the specific situation of each region.	● Support delivering sustainable water and sanitation services to the poor	UN-HABITAT	Support the project through UN-HABITAT WSTF($ 19 million)
[2]Promote the transfer of technology and expertise on water resources management with due consideration to the specific situation of each region.	● Capacity building on water resources management	GoJ(MOFA)/JICA	Capacity building of 5,000 water managers/users

4-3.(2) Access to safe water and sanitation facilities

Yokohama Action Plan	Proposed Measures by Japan/Implementing Partners	Implementing Partners	Potential Resources, Possible Contributions (Summary)
[1]Promote the development of water and sanitation facilities with affordable technologies. [2]Support capacity building of managers and users of water and sanitation system and promote awareness raising campaigns to improve hygiene practices including hand washing.	● Promote the development of water and sanitation facilities (e.g. wells including those with solar panels, and toilets)	GoJ(MOFA)/JICA	Provide safe drinking water to 6.5 million people
	● Construct new boreholes and rehabilitate existing boreholes. ● Train Village Water Management Committees.	Association for Aid and Relief, Japan (AAR JAPAN)	(i) Construct boreholes (ii) Provide training to Village Water Management Committee (iii) Sensitize people on good hygiene and sanitation practices
	● Promote the development of water and sanitation facilities, support capacity building of managers and users of water and sanitation system and improve hygiene practices.	GoJ(MOFA)/ICRC	GoJ(MOFA):Provide funds of US$3 million for 2008 ICRC: Implement water and sanitation programme
	● Promote the development of water and sanitation facilities, awareness raising, and capacity building	UNICEF	Ensure the effectiveness and sustainability of water, sanitation and hygiene programmes

4-4. Education for Sustainable Development (ESD)

Yokohama Action Plan	Proposed Measures by Japan/Implementing Partners	Implementing Partners	Potential Resources, Possible Contributions (Summary)
[1]Promote ESD through integration of ESD into policies and practices to realize a more sustainable society.	● Promote ESD through integration of ESD into policies and practices	GoJ（MOE）/GoJ（MEXT）/UNESCO/UNU	GoJ: Host an International Forum on ESD Dialogue 2008 in Tokyo
			GoJ (MEXT): Support UNESCO’s Teacher Education Programme on ESD in Sub-Saharan Africa through Japanese Funds-in-Trust for ESD
			GoJ (MEXT): Implement project of Education for Sustainable Development in Africa through UNU (¥30 million)
			GoJ (MOE): Support environmental conservation grass-roots activities in developing countries including Africa (min. ¥12 million to Africa)
		GoJ（MEXT）	Support for the formation of model ESD cooperation activities by applying a university’s knowledge

●Concrete projects will be selected through consultations between Japan/Implementing Partners and African countries.
●MDB projects are to be decided.
●$ = US dollars
●Assistance measures written on a yellow ground are those embodied in 2008 (JFY) after TICAD IV.
●Assistance measures written on a pink ground are those embodied in 2009 (JFY) after TICAD IV.