Official Development Assistance (ODA)
Chapter 2 Japan's Official Development Assistance in 1998
Section 1 Japan's ODA in 1998
Chart 40 Japan's ODA in 1998 (by type, finalized figures)
(Net disbursement basis)
Note:
- As of 1998, the following countries had graduated from ODA recipient status: The Bahamas, Brunei, Kuwait, Singapore, The United Arab Emirates, Israel, Hong Kong, and Cyprus.
- Part II: Aid to Countries and Territories in Transition.
- DAC exchange rate for 1998: $1=¥130.89 (down ¥9.89 yen from 1997).
- Totals do not add up exactly because of rounding.
- EBRD: European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
Section 2 Breakdown by Region
Chart 41 Types and Geographical Distribution of Japan's Bilateral ODA in 1998
(Net disbursement basis; $ million)
| Region | Type | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grant aid | Technical cooperation |
Loans | Total ODA | Total ODA (1997) |
1997/98 Growth rate (%) |
|
| Asia | 935.37 (43.2) |
1,072.52 (38.6) |
3,364.14 (92.0) |
5,372.03 (62.4) |
3,075.60 (46.5) |
74.7 |
| Northeast Asia | 76.44 (3.5) |
427.36 (15.4) |
707.31 (19.3) |
1,211.10 (14.1) |
529.92 (8.0) |
128.5 |
| Southeast Asia | 437.85 (20.2) |
489.31 (17.6) |
1,510.49 (41.3) |
2,437.66 (28.3) |
1,416.06 (21.4) |
72.1 |
| (ASEAN) | (379.50) (17.5) |
(466.27) (16.8) |
(1,510.49) (41.3) |
(2,356.25) (27.4) |
(1,354.43) (20.5) |
74.0 |
| Southwest Asia | 395.15 (18.2) |
111.04 (4.0) |
956.72 (26.2) |
1,462.92 (17.0) |
963.54 (14.6) |
51.8 |
| Central Asia | 12.90 (0.6) |
25.64 (0.9) |
189.62 (5.2) |
228.15 (2.7) |
145.38 (2.2) |
56.9 |
| Caucasus | 11.30 (0.5) |
2.26 (0.1) |
0.01 (0.0) |
13.57 (0.2) |
11.50 (0.2) |
18.0 |
| Other regions | 1.72 (0.1) |
16.92 (0.6) |
0.00 (0.0) |
18.64 (0.2) |
9.21 (0.1) |
102.4 |
| Middle East | 186.49 (8.6) |
119.02 (4.3) |
86.52 (2.4) |
392.03 (4.6) |
512.92 (7.8) |
-23.6 |
| Africa | 636.38 (29.4) |
193.97 (7.0) |
119.93 (3.3) |
950.29 (11.0) |
802.82 (12.1) |
18.4 |
| Latin America | 215.38 (9.9) |
(276.16) (9.9) |
61.31 (1.7) |
552.86 (6.4) |
715.03 (10.8) |
-22.7 |
| Oceania | 80.63 (3.7) |
48.62 (1.7) |
17.92 (0.5) |
147.17 (1.7) |
159.03 (2.4) |
-7.5 |
| Europe | 79.34 (3.7) |
62.73 (2.3) |
1.46 (0.0) |
143.53 (1.7) |
133.76 (2.0) |
7.3 |
| (Eastern Europe) | (2.51) (0.1) |
(40.86) (1.5) |
(4.06) (0.1) |
47.42 (0.6) |
(53.49) (0.8) |
11.3 |
| Unspecified | 34.01 (1.6) |
1,008.74 (36.3) |
5.26 (1.1) |
1,048.00 (12.2) |
1,213.43 (18.4) |
-13.6 |
| Total | 2,167.60 (100.0) |
2,781.76 (100.0) |
3,656.54 (100.0) |
8,605.90 (100.0) |
6,612.59 (100.0) |
30.1 |
Notes:
- Regions are specified according to the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs' criteria.
- Unspecified technical cooperation includes survey teams sent to more than one region on a single mission, subsidies to groups that assist foreign students, administrative expenses, and costs of raising public awareness of development issues.
- Including assistance to Part II (Aid to Countries and Territories in Transition).
- Due to rounding of individual items, percentages do not necessarily total 100%.
- Cambodia's 1999 accession to ASEAN has brought all 10 Southeast Asian countries under the ASEAN umbrella. The figures in this chart, however, refer to the ASEAN 9, excluding Cambodia. Viet Nam joined ASEAN in 1995, Myanmar and Laos in 1997.
Chart 42 Geographical Distribution of Japan's Bilateral ODA
(Net disbursement basis; $ million)
| Region/Calendar Year | 1980 | 1990 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asia | 1,383 (70.5) |
4,117 (59.3) |
5,745 (54.4) |
4,145 (49.6) |
3,076 (46.5) |
5,372 (62.4) |
| Northeast Asia | 82 (4.2) |
835 (12.0) |
1,606 (15.2) |
0,869 (10.4) |
530 (8.0) |
1,211 (14.1) |
| Southeast Asia | 861 (43.9) |
2,379 (34.3) |
2,592 (24.6) |
1,858 (22.2) |
1,416 (21.4) |
2,438 (28.3) |
| (ASEAN) | 703 (35.8) |
2,299 (33.1) |
2,229 (21.1) |
1,694 (20.3) |
1,354 (20.5) |
2,356 (27.4) |
| Southwest Asia | 435 (22.2) |
898 (12.9) |
1,435 (13.6) |
1,320 (15.8) |
964 (14.6) |
1,463 (17.0) |
| Central Asia | 67 (0.6) |
80 (1.0) |
145 (2.2) |
228 (2.7) |
||
| Caucasus | 0 (0.0) |
0 (0.0) |
12 (0.2) |
14 (0.2) |
||
| Other regions | 5 (0.3) |
4 ( 0.1) |
44 (0.4) |
18 (0.2) |
9 (0.1) |
19 (0.2) |
| Middle East | 204 (10.4) |
705 (10.2) |
721 (6.8) |
561 (6.7) |
513 (7.8) |
392 (4.6) |
| Africa | 223 (11.4) |
792 (11.4) |
1,333 (12.6) |
1,067 (12.8) |
803 (12.1) |
950 (11.0) |
| Latin America | 118 (6.0) |
561 (8.1) |
1,142 (10.8) |
986 (11.8) |
715 (10.8) |
553 (6.4) |
| Oceania | 12 (0.6) |
114 (1.6) |
160 (1.5) |
198 (2.4) |
159 (2.4) |
147 (1.7) |
| Europe | -2 (-) |
158 (2.3) |
153 (1.4) |
200 (2.4) |
134 (2.0) |
144 (1.7) |
| (Eastern Europe) | 153 (2.2) |
138 (1.3) |
130 (1.6) |
54 (0.8) |
47 (0.6) |
|
| Unspecified | 23 ( 1.2) |
494 (7.1) |
1,303 (12.3) |
1,200 (14.4) |
1,213 (18.3) |
1,048 (12.2) |
| Total | 1,961 (100.0) |
6,940 (100.0) |
10,557 (100.0) |
8,356 (100.0) |
6,613 (100.0) |
8,606 (100.0) |
Notes:
- Certain data were listed as "unspecified" because they could not be assigned to a single regional category: such aid includes survey teams sent to multiple regions, administrative expenses and costs of raising public awareness of development issues.
- Five countries in Central Asia and three countries in Caucasus have become eligible for ODA since 1993 and 1994, respectively.
- Data in parentheses are the percentages of the respective totals.
- Due to rounding of individual items, percentages do not necessarily total 100%.
- Cambodia's 1999 accession to ASEAN has brought all 10 Southeast Asian countries under the ASEAN umbrella. The figures in this chart, however, refer to the ASEAN 9, excluding Cambodia. Viet Nam joined ASEAN in 1995, Myanmar and Laos in 1997.
- Including assistance to Part II (Aid to Countries and Territories in Transition).
