Major Examples of Japan's Follow-up Measures to the Second Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD II)

Middle Eastern and African Affairs Bureau
Economic Cooperation Bureau
As of November, 2001

Foreword

The Tokyo Agenda for Action was drafted through the intensive collaborative work of African countries and co-organizers of TICAD, and was finally adopted at TICAD II in October 1998. The Agenda for Action sets out goals and objectives for African development in a very comprehensive manner, and provides guidelines for actions to achieve those goals. The guidelines for actions are applied to both African countries and development partners. As as development, Japan has steadily taken specific actions in line with these guidelines.

This booklet illustrates some examples of the actions taken by Japan in the fields of social development, economic development, basic foundations for development, as well as South-South cooperation and partnership reinforcement. While there are many post TICAD II initiatives and projects implemented by Japan as a donor in Africa, this booklet includes many of Japan's initiatives particularly designed to assist and facilitate Africa's own efforts to take actions to achieve various development goals.

Contents

I. Social Development

I-1. The Government of Japan (GOJ) has set a goal of providing approximately 90 billion yen in grant aid over 5 years to Africa in the sectors of education, health and medical services and water resources.

I-2. Promotion of parasitic disease control in Africa

I-3. Eradication of polio

I-4. Global Issues Initiatives for Population and AIDS

I-5. The African Seminar on Health Development

II. Economic Development

II-1. Hippalos Centre (Asia-Africa Investment and Technology Promotion Center, AAITPC)

II-2. Africa-Asia Business Forum (in Malaysia)

II-3. Assistance for the promotion of rice cultivation in Africa

II-4. Tourism development in the Southern African region

II-5. Capacity building for debt management

II-6. Grant aid cooperation for debt relief

II-7. Economic Development and Regional Dynamics in Africa : Lessons from the East Asian Experience

II-8. The African Commodity Sector Diversification through South-South Cooperation

III. Basic Foundations for Development

III-1. Support for UNDP's Africa Governance Forums

III-2. Support for the Organization of African Unity's (OAU) Mechanism for Conflict Prevention, Management and Resolution

III-3. Support for the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) projects (promotion of self-reliance of returnees)

III-4. Anti-personnel landmines in Southern Africa

III-5. Seminars for the promotion of democratization

III-6. Support for OAU's seminar on participation of women and child refugees, returnees, and internally displaced refugees for state reconstruction

III-7. Phnom Penh International Forum on Demining and Victim Assistance

III-8. Symposium on the prevention and resolution of conflicts in Africa

III-9. Workshop/Symposium on the Reintegration of Former Child Soldiers

IV. South-South Cooperation

IV-1. Support for training of 2000 Africans within the next five years under South-South cooperation

IV-2. Third Asia-Africa Forum (AAF III)

IV-3. Japan-France-Malaysia Trilateral Cooperation

IV-4. TICAD UN Volunteers

IV-5. e-TICAD

V. Strengthening Partnership

V-1. Bases for African Human Capacity Building (Model Case: Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya)

V-2. Establishment of research network

V-3. Japan-Africa exchange programme

V-4. Regional workshops on special topics

VI. Follow-up Mechanisms

VI-1. Regional Review meetings on the targets of the Tokyo Agenda for Action

VI-2. Monitoring on Tokyo Agenda for Action

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I. Social Development

I-1. The Government of Japan (GOJ) has set a goal of providing approximately 90 billion yen in grant aid over 5 years to Africa in the sectors of education, health and medical services and water resources.

(i) The amount of grant aid disbursed in these three sectors for the three years from October 1998 (TICAD II) to September 2001 is as follows:

Education:	18.56 billion yen
Health and Medical Services:	14.16 billion yen
Water Supply:	20.46billion yen
Total:	53.19billion yen

In the education sector, the constructed schools will have capacity to accommodate approximately 310 thousand students. In health sector, the assistance covers various fields such as physical infrastructure improvement of hospitals and clinics, establishment of EPI cold chain, provision of contraceptives, vaccines and mosquito nets (the expected beneficiaries amount to approximately 170 million people). In water sector, the grant aid will provide approximately 2,700 thousand people access to safe water.

(ii) The following studies were conducted in these three sectors in FY1998-99:

I-2. Promotion of parasitic disease control in Africa

Japan has implemented the following projects in cooperation with the World Health Organization (WHO) to establish centers for parasitic disease control that function as focal points for cooperative networks for developing human resources and improving research activities in Africa and Asia (Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Ghana Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Mahidoln University in Thailand),

July 1998:	Project formulation mission was sent.
November 1998-February 1999:	Project formulation advisors were sent to African countries. (2 project formulation advisors were sent to Asia.)
March 1999:	The 1st Workshop on Global Parasite Control Administration was held, receiving 20 trainees from 16 African and Asian countries.
October 1999:	The 2nd Workshop on Global Parasite Control Administration was held, receiving 18 trainees from 14 African and Asian countries.
January 2000:	Project formulation advisors visited African countries.
March 2000:	The project for the Asian Center for International Parasite Control started (March 2000-March 2002 in Thailand).
April 2000:	Mission on "Pre-research and Control of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases Project" was sent to Kenya
August 2000:	An advisor for the above-mentioned Mission was sent to Kenya . November-December 2000: The 3rd Workshop on Global Parasite Control Administration was held, receiving 16 trainees from 13 Asian and African countries.
April 2001:	Mission on "Pre-research on the 3rd Country Training Course at NMIMR" was sent to Ghana.
October 2001:	International Workshop on "Global Parasitic Diseases Control (The 3rd Country Training Workshop for Policymakers)" was held in Ghana, receiving 10 trainees from 8 African countries.
November 2001:	The 4th Workshop on the Global Parasitic Control was held in Tokyo, receiving 17 trainees from 12 Asian and African countries.

I-3. Eradication of polio

Under the Japan-U.S. Common Agenda Framework, both Japan and the United States have been providing polio vaccines and equipment for the worldwide eradication of this disease. In 1999 the amount of polio vaccines and cold chain equipment provided to African countries increased five times of the previous year. In addition, both countries have been making further efforts to eradicate polio in Africa via grass roots level cooperation, through the dispatch of Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteers (JOCV) and the United States' Peace Corps volunteers. Since July 1999, Japan dispatched 20 JOCV volunteers to Kenya and five to Niger (including one Senior Volunteer respectively).

I-4. Global Issues Initiatives for Population and AIDS

In February 1994, Japan announced "the Global Issues Initiatives for Population and AIDS (GII)." This policy package was designed to provide a total of approximately US$3 billion in ODA in the area of population and HIV/AIDS for the seven-year period from FY1994 to FY2000. Since then, Japan has taken comprehensive measures including: (i) direct assistance for population control and family planning (mother and child health/family planning, family planning information education and communication (IEC), population statistics); (ii) indirect assistance for population control and family planning (primary health care, primary education, empowerment of women); and (iii) cooperation in the area of HIV/AIDS (education on the prevention of HIV/AIDS, technical transfer of testing cooperation for surveillance, and research on HIV/AIDS).

During the seven-year period from FY1994 to FY2000, it is estimated that Japan provided about US$5billion for GII-related projects, substantially exceeding its original target. Japan, in cooperation with US, plans to dispatch a joint project formulation mission to Nigeria in the areas of population and health including infectious diseases. Japan also intends to send a joint project formulation mission with Canada to Malawi in the areas of health, mainly infectious diseases.

On the occasion of Kyushu-Okinawa G8 Summit, Japan, holding the Presidency of the Summit and a leading donor as well, announced the "Okinawa ID Initiative" to enhance its assistance for measures against infectious and parasitic diseases (such as HIV/AIDS, TB, malaria and parasitic diseases and Polio), improvement of public health, development of research networks, primary and secondary education and access to safe water with the target of allocating a total of US$3 billion over the next 5 years. Approximately US$700 million of support measures have already been decided or implemented so far.

Given the growing momentum for the international community to work together to fight against infectious diseases since the G8 Kyushu-Okinawa Summit, the launching of the Global Fund for AIDS, Tuberculosis & Malaria (GFATM) was announced on the occasion of the Genoa Summit this year. Japan has announced its intention to commit US$200 million for the Global Fund and has been actively involved in the preparatory process with the aim that the Fund would be operational at the beginning of next year.

I-5. The African Seminar on Health Development

Focusing on development planning in the field of health and medical services in African countries, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) and the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan held the First African Seminar on Health Development on March 6-7, 2000 in Tokyo, concentrating on the issue of sector-wide approach. Through exchanges of views on health and medical service planning, the participants, including the responsible high-level African officials, sought the best modality of cooperation.

The Second African Seminar on Health Development was held on November 1st and 2nd , 2000 in Tokyo, focusing on South-South Cooperation regarding HIV/AIDS. At this seminar, participants from Africa, Asia and Latin America introduced their experiences and policy on HIV/AIDS and shared their knowledge with one another. They also confirmed the importance of promoting South-South Cooperation among those countries regarding HIV/AIDS. The summary of the discussions held at the Seminar was adopted by the participants and the key issues discussed at the Seminar were sent to the Okinawa International Conference on Infectious Diseases held in December, 2000. The keynote address by the State Secretary of Foreign Affairs, Mr. Kiyohiro Araki (delivered by Ambassador Horiuchi) presented at the Seminar was the first policy speech by Japan on the measures to cope with HIV/AIDS. In the speech, the Government clearly indicated that it places the priority on Africa's HIV/AIDS problem. The Seminar played an important role in increasing the momentum created by the Okinawa Infectious Diseases Initiative announcement in July 2000 toward Prime Minister Mori's visit to Africa in January 2001 and UN Special Session of the General Assembly on HIV/AIDS in June 2001.

II. Economic Developmen

II-1. Hippalos Centre (Asia-Africa Investment and Technology Promotion Center, AAITPC)

Hippalos Centre is funded by Japan and implemented by UNIDO (United Nations Industrial Development Organization). The Centre was set up in Malaysia in August, 1999 to promote investment and technology promotion from Asian countries to African countries.

The Centre initially selected seven African countries (Uganda, Ghana, Zimbabwe, Senegal, Côte d'Ivoire, Tanzania and Mozambique), and has been providing information on economic conditions, domestic legal systems, investment opportunities and relevant investment news on the Web.

The Centre promotes investment and technology transfer from Asia to Africa by

The first business mission, which Asian participants took part in at their own expense, was sent to Uganda and Tanzania in October, 2000. 33 companies and 51 business people from Malaysia, India, Pakistan and Korea participated in the mission to Uganda; 18 companies and 21 business people from Malaysia, India and Pakistan participated in the mission to Tanzania. 3 memorandums between companies (such as "a collaboration agreement"), 2 memorandums between Chambers of Commerce & Industry (such as "a cooperation agreement") were concluded by the beginning of the year 2001.

II-2. Africa-Asia Business Forum

The Africa-Asia Business Forum was held under the sponsorship of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) from October 26 to 29, 1999 in Malaysia.

The forum was proposed by then-Prime Minister Mr. Keizo Obuchi at TICAD II held in October 1998 as one of Japan's assistance measures for Africa with the aim of promoting direct investment and trade between Asia and Africa. The forum was funded through the Human Resources Development Fund, which Japan extends to the UNDP. The Second Africa-Asia Business Forum was held from July 8 to 14, 2001 in South Africa.

110 African companies from 23 African countries and 120 Asian companies from 6 Asian countries participated in the first forum. The African countries with over ten companies participating were Nigeria (17 companies), South Africa (15 companies), and Ghana (11 companies). On the Asian side, 70 companies from Malaysia, 19 companies from South Korea, and 8 companies from Pakistan participated.

As for the selection of companies, the UNDP, in collaboration with the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), a member of the World Bank Group, used its own network to compile a candidate list (1000 companies from Africa and 800 companies from Asia that had shown interest). The participants were selected through interviews, etc., and centered on automobile parts, food processing, electrical/electronic goods, medical and sanitation supplies, building materials and engineering. These industries were considered to have the potential to realize more business deals. MIGA arranged the paring of companies for the forum beforehand. Through one-to-one negotiations between the Asian and African companies - a kind of "arranged marriage" - companies looked for business opportunities. By the time of the closing ceremony, the number of agreements, such as the signing of memoranda of intent to invest, reached 27. By the time of March, 2000, 18 African companies contracted 22 agreements, and 18 Asian companies contracted 28 agreements. The number of tie-ups will further increase through mutual visits by the companies. Some examples of tie-ups include: a joint venture between companies in India and Malawi to produce shock absorbers; in South Korea and Mali to manufacture electrical goods like speakers; and in Malaysia and South Africa to create Internet businesses. In addition, some African companies tied-up to each other, e.g., agreements for the construction of a tuna processing facility in Zanzibar by a company from Mauritius and for the building of an assembly factory in Mali by a South African automobile parts maker.

II-3. Assistance for the promotion of rice cultivation in Africa

In many African countries, agriculture still accounts for a sizable part of GDP. Moreover, sustainable agricultural development is a key to ensuring food security. With such consideration, Japan has taken up rice cultivation which has high nutritional value compared with traditional African foods, and is easy to store and distribute. Japan is currently carrying out the projects described below for improving the productivity and promoting the dissemination of rice cultivation in western Africa, where the demand for rice is increasing in many countries.

II-4. Tourism development in the southern African region

As a first step to strengthening tourism authorities in southern African countries, the Japan-Southern Africa Partnership Forum held on January 13-14, 1999 discussed tourism development. Following the Forum, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) held a special regional training course (a Seminar on the Promotion of Tourism in Southern Africa) from February 29 to March 19, 2000. The seminar focused on introducing Japan's experience and know-how in attracting tourists and on sharing tourism strategies in Japanese and other Asian markets. The GOJ is considering the possibility of sending experts to the region to strengthen the capacity of African tourism authorities and to promote tourism development.

II-5. Capacity building for debt management

TICAD II emphasized that capacity building is crucial for African development and recognized the African external debt burden. Along with improving the HIPC initiative, it is particularly important to develop human resources to strengthen debt management capacity in the context of economic, fiscal and financial policy-making and their implementation.

Bearing this in mind, the Governments of Japan and Kenya, the IMF, the World Bank, and the UNDP co-sponsored the TICAD II High Level Seminar on Africa's External Debt in Kenya (Nairobi), August 30-31, 1999. Chaired by President Mogae of Botswana, the seminar entitled "Finding a Lasting Solution to the Problem of Africa's External Debt- an African Perspective" attracted the attendance of the finance ministers and central bank governors from 20 countries, officials from five international organizations, Archbishop Tutu from South Africa and others.

From November 29 to December 3, 1999, Japan and Singapore co-sponsored a working-level debt management seminar in Singapore with the support of the IMF, the World Bank, and the UNDP. The seminar was held under JICA's third-country training scheme, and was attended by 31 senior officials from finance ministries, economic planning agencies, central banks and other institutions of 13 English-speaking African countries.

In 2000, Japan contributed US$500,000 through JHRDF (Japanese Human Resources Development Fund) to the macro-economic management programme in Nigeria arranged by IMF. Moreover, From April 10 to 14, 2000, another working-level seminar was held in Tunisia for officials from French-speaking African countries etc., under JICA's third-country training scheme.

II-6. Debt relief

At TICAD II held in October 1998, Japan announced it would extend more debt-relief grant aid. In line with this announcement, Japan increased the amount of debt-relief grants for yen loans up to the end of fiscal 1997 (previously the end of fiscal 1987) to five LLDCs (Uganda, Tanzania, Malawi, Mauritania, and Kenya). Japan also decided to extend debt-relief grants for yen loans agreed from fiscal 1988 to the end of fiscal 1997 to two new LLDCs (Mali and Zambia). Now, Japan has extended debt-relief grants to a total of 28 countries, 22 LLDCs and 6 MSACs.

To cover this increase of debt-relief grant aid announced at TICAD II, the GOJ earmarked in its 2000 budget approximately 4.5 billion yen for debt-relief grants to African LLDCs. Japan has steadily extended debt-relief grants to those countries that have repaid loans up to now.

In addition, Japan announced an increase in its debt relief ceiling for bilateral ODA loans to 100% under the international framework of the HIPC initiative. In April 2000, Japan further decided to extend enhanced debt relief of up to 100% of non-ODA claims for eligible HIPCs under the international framework. Moreover, it has decided to make further contributions of up to US$ 200 million in total to the World Bank's HIPC Trust Fund.

Twenty-four countries (including 20 African countries) reached decision points by the end of November 2001. Japan's debt relief to these twenty-four countries will amount to approximately US$ 3.8 billion (US$ 2.6 billion for 20 African countries), and this makes Japan one of the largest contributors to debt relief among G7 countries.

Out of the 24 countries designated in the Expanded HIPC category, 20 countries are in Africa and Japan's contribution to the debt relief for these countries totals approximately US$ 2.6 billion which is second only to France's contribution among the G7 countries. (Japan's contribution to all 24 countries is approximately US$ 3.8 billion).

II-7. Economic Development and Regional Dynamics in Africa: Lessons from the East Asian Experience

Financed by the Government of Japan, UNCTAD organized international conferences with a view to examining the Asian development experience and drawing useful lessons from it to promote development in Africa, in Malaysia (1996), Zimbabwe (1997) and Mauritius (1998).

At these conferences, various factors of economic growth in East Asia and the applicability of Asian experiences to Africa were discussed by policy-makers, researchers and academics from many countries.

This forward-looking project will help increase the capacities of African policy makers in designing and implementing domestic strategies as well as strengthening the framework for South-South Cooperation.

UNCTAD organized a workshop on "Management of Capital Flows; Comparative experiences and implications for Africa," funded by the Government of Japan, held in Egypt in March 2001.

II-8. The African Commodity Sector Diversification through South-South Cooperation

This project was also financed by the Government of Japan. The main objective of the project was to assist African commodity sector diversification through providing opportunities for entrepreneurs to network with potential partners to discuss concrete business plans on trade and investment diversification.

In 1996, African entrepreneurs were invited on a study tour to visit factories in Thailand and Indonesia. In 1997, a business forum was held in Zimbabwe where African and Asian entrepreneurs participated.

In 1999, the Asia Africa Business Networking Forum was held in Kuala Lumpur with many private companies from Africa, Malaysia and Singapore participating. At this forum, participants from Africa and Asia discussed trade and investment diversification in the private sector, and explored the possibility of private cooperation between Asia and Africa. This forum provided an opportunity for private companies in Africa to interview potential business partners in Asia. As a result of this forum, several memoranda were concluded between companies. Furthermore in 2000, to promote cooperation between Latin America and Africa, Africa and Latin America Business Forum was held in Brazil.

III. Basic Foundations for Development

III-1. Support for the UNDP's Africa Governance Forums

The GOJ is studying the possibility of providing financial support for projects assisting good governance in African countries, through Japan's contribution to the UNDP Human Resources Development Fund. These projects are formulated through the studies and reviews carried out at the annual Africa Governance Forum (AGF) held by the UNDP.

Japan provided US$300,000 and US$330,000 respectively through the UNDP Human Resources Development Fund to cover the expenses to organize the "Third Africa Governance Forum" held in Mali in June 1999, and the "Fourth Africa Governance Forum" held in Uganda in September 2000.

III-2. Support for the Organization of African Unity's (OAU) Mechanism for Conflict Prevention, Management and Resolution

The OAU established the Mechanism for Conflict Prevention, Management and Resolution in 1993 to create a system to deal with the African conflicts comprehensively. Japan has contributed to the OAU Peace fund since fiscal 1996, which was set up with the Mechanism to serve as its financial resource. Japan's contribution has been used to support OAU initiatives (e.g., building of early warning systems, holding of peace conferences to resolve conflicts, etc.).

III-3. Support for the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) projects (promotion of self-reliance of returnees)

Japan is supporting micro-finance projects of the UNHCR for the establishment of small-scale businesses to promote the reintegration of returnees in Zambia, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Mali, Uganda, Rwanda, and Togo through its contribution of US$1.5 million to the UNHCR in 1998.

III-4. Anti-personnel landmines in southern Africa

To tackle the problems of anti-personnel landmines in Cambodia and other mine-infested countries, at the signing of the Convention against Anti-Personnel Landmines in Ottawa in December 1997, the then Foreign Minister Mr. Keizo Obuchi announced Japan would set a five-year target beginning from 1998 of providing approximately _10 billion in assistance for the clearance of landmines and support of landmine victims (viz., land mine removal, training in removal techniques, rehabilitation of victims, education for avoiding landmines, etc.) In addition, at TICAD II, Japan announced that it would provide assistance to Africa, particularly to the southern African region, for landmine clearance and landmine victim rehabilitation.

In November 1999, Japan contributed US$1 million in emergency grant aid to the UNDP Mozambique Landmine Clearance Trust Fund for a landmine clearance project in the Massinger district to support the country's economic reconstruction. The project was completed in October 1999. Japan subsequently decided to provide US$600,000 in supplementary assistance. From the end of June to July 1999, Japan dispatched a project finding mission to Mozambique to find projects to assist with landmine clearance and victim rehabilitation.

III-5. Seminars on Democracy and Good Governance

Begun in 1992, the democratization seminars have offered Japan's perspectives on and experiences in democratic governance to leading officials of developing countries as a model for their own democratization. Below are the seminars for African countries held to date.

III-6. Support for OAU's seminar on participation of women and child refugees, returnees, and internally displaced refugees for state reconstruction

From October 12 to 15, 1998, a seminar on strengthening the participation of returnee women and children, refugees or displaced persons in post-conflict state reconstruction was held at the OAU Secretariat in Addis Ababa. (Japan contributed US$50,000 to the OAU Peace Fund as its share for helping to cover the seminar's expenses.) At the seminar, an action programme was adopted, recommending participating countries list measures that should be taken in the areas of education and health and then set up action programme executing committees in each country. Japan studies assistance by using its contribution to the OAU Peace Fund for the implementation of projects in the action programme.

III-7. Phnom Penh International Forum on Demining and Victim Assistance

To follow up on the guidelines adopted at the 1997 Tokyo Conference on Anti-personnel Landmines, the Phnom Penh International Forum on Mine-clearance and Victim Assistance was held from October 26 to 28, 1998. The forum participants shared the recognition that comprehensive assistance related to sharing experience and know-how among countries affected by landmines (promotion of South-South cooperation), development and reconstruction after mine clearance, and the reintegration into society of rehabilitated mine victims were very important. Japan contributed to the success of the forum through financial (US$300,000) and other support. Using its assistance to Cambodia as a model, Japan announced at the forum that it would expand its bilateral assistance to other mine-affected countries, stressed the importance of South-South cooperation, and proposed that a focal point should be created for promoting such cooperation.

III-8. Symposium on the prevention and resolution of conflicts in Africa

"International Symposium on the Conflict in Africa and a Culture of Peace and Coexistence" was held on 15-16 February 2001 in Tokyo, as an undertaking of the Japan-Africa Exchange Forum for fiscal 2000. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) of Japan and the Japan Institute of International Affairs co-sponsored the symposium.

Participants included former Heads of State and former ministers from African countries, and experts of African issues from the United Nations, UNESCO, universities, research institutes, and NGOs in Africa, Japan, Europe and United States.

Based on the recognition of the need to address conflict prevention and resolution in Africa from a long term approach and to construct a culture of peace and coexistence in order to establish firm and lasting peace, the Symposium discussed how to foster a "culture of peace and coexistence" from the perspective of a comprehensive approach to conflict prevention as well as the roles of African "civil society" in building a "culture of peace and coexistence".

The Government of Japan organized the Tokyo International Conference on Preventive Strategy in 1998, and international symposiums in 1995 and 1996 and 2000 on conflicts in Africa, as undertakings under the Japan-Africa Exchange Forum, which examined a range of issues, from the causes, prevention and resolution of conflicts, and post-conflict nation building, to the roles of sub-regional organizations and NGOs in Africa.

III-9. Workshop/Symposium on the Reintegration of Former Child Soldiers

"International Workshop/Symposium on Children and Armed Conflict ---Reintegration of Former Child Soldiers in the Post-Conflict Community" was held in Tokyo from 19 to 21 November, 2000. The Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Foundation for Advanced Studies on International Development (FASID), and Search for Common Ground (a US NGO) co-sponsored the Workshop/Symposium.

The Workshop/Symposium's participants included experts from the United Nations, UNICEF, academic circles including universities and research institutes, and NGOs actually engaged in assisting the reintegration of former child soldiers in Africa.

The participants at the Workshop took up assistance for the reintegration of former child soldiers, which is considered to be an important agenda from the standpoint of long-term development and the prevention of recurrence of conflict in a region such conflict-prone as Africa. They also examined guidelines to be taken into consideration in carrying out reintegration assistance, and made recommendations to the Government of Japan. As a part of a follow-up to the recommendations of the workshop, the Government of Japan entrusted an expert a survey on the current condition of the reintegration of former child soldiers. The report was submitted in March 2001.

IV. South-South Cooperation

IV-1. Support for training of 2000 Africans within the next five years under South-South cooperation

At TICAD II, Japan announced it would provide financial cooperation for the training of 1000 Africans in Asian and North African countries under JICA's third-country training scheme during the ensuing five-year period. The GOJ also stated that it would extend financial support to the Indonesian Center for South-South Technical Cooperation (CCSTC), which was completed by the Indonesian government in February 1998 with financial assistance from Brunei Darussalam. The Center is to be the focal point of South-South cooperation, and will accept approximately 1000 trainees from Africa during the next five years with Japan's assistance.

A breakdown of Japan's cooperation to date for this training is given below:

IV-2. Third Asia-Africa Forum (AAF III)

The Tokyo Agenda for Action stated that African countries should engage in concrete actions for development, and that international development partners, including Japan, should support such efforts as an international priority. The Third Asia-Africa Forum was held from May 23 to 25, 2000 in Malaysia, and was based on the Tokyo Agenda for Action and discussions held in the two previous Asia-Africa Forums. Asian and African countries as well as international organizations and donor countries shared their experiences and discussed specific measures into the future on three themes: (a) capacity development; (b) agriculture; and (c) private sector development. The Forum culminated in adopting the "Kuala Lumpur New Millennium Statement."

IV-3. Japan-France-Malaysia Trilateral Cooperation

In 1997, Prime Minister Hashimoto of Japan, President Chirac of France and Prime Minister Mahathir of Malaysia put forward an initiative to set up a trilateral framework for assistance to Africa. Each country is to make proposals for specific projects, with Japan concerned with human resources development, France with sustainable development of forests, and Malaysia with agricultural development. To date, around 20 Africans have received training at CIAST (Center for Instructor and Advanced Skill Training) in Malaysia, under a plan put forward by Japan.

The actual direction of this cooperation was decided at a meeting of special government representatives appointed by the countries' leaders. The representative from Japan was Dr. Tatsuo Arima, from France Mr. Jean-Claude Paye (former OECD secretary general), and from Malaysia Tan Sri Ahmad Kamil Jaafar.

The 5th Meeting of Special Representatives was held in Paris on 6 September 2000. At the meeting, Representatives continued their discussion in various areas. In regard to human resources development, various improvement measures for the CIAST training program were discussed. Also, Malaysia elaborated on the progress of its proposals on increased food production. On forestry, Japan and France referred to the possibility of trilateral cooperation in various African countries. The next meeting between Representatives is scheduled to be held sometime in 2001 in Tokyo, with prospect of solidifying each proposal.

IV-4. TICAD UN Volunteers

The dispatch of young Asians with technical skills to Africa results in not only valuable contribution to African development, but also enhancing the understanding of Africa by Asian youth and thereby expanding Asia Africa cooperation. (The youth from Northern Africa and Japan may participate in this initiative). To date, 17 experts (TICAD UN volunteers) from Asia in the field of agriculture and private sector have been dispatched to Africa. "Support for informal sector through skills building and micro-credit schemes" project in Zambia is an example of a successful project utilizing the skills of Asian experts. More experts are planned to be dispatched in the mentioned areas in the future.

IV-5. e-TICAD

This project aims at assisting selected African countries (Nigeria, Cameroon, Tanzania, Zambia) to enhance their access to and application of ICT under the collaboration with UNDP. It started in February 2000.

In detail,
(1) Utilizing experience and speciality of APDIP (Asia-Pacific Development Information Programme), workshops and a training programme will be developed to enhance the ICT capacity of African decision-makers.
(2) Under coordination with UNV, mainly Asian volunteers will be dispatched to African countries to transfer ICT technology.
(3) Pilot activities applying the knowledge and experience of the APDIP project will be implemented to increase connectivity of information networks.
(4) The project will build and nurture partnerships with the private sector in building training capacity in ICT, providing Internet Services and enhancing connectivity.

V. Strengthening Partnership

V-1. Bases for African Human Capacity Building (Model Case: AICAD (African Institute for Capacity Development), Kenya)

Japan will establish bases for human capacity building in Africa. Building on the successful model of the Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT) to which project-type technical cooperation and 10 billion yen in grant aid have been extended over nearly 20 years, Japan is considering to establish a human capacity building base for African countries, named AICAD, which will function as a center for training, joint research and development, collection and dissemination of information and so on. In this process, Japan will coordinate with other donor countries and consider ways to benefit surrounding countries.

Japan has dispatched two experts to prepare the AICAD project for the first phase (from August 2000 to July 2002). The following plans have been considered: the project will be enlarged to full-scale for EAC countries (second phase, five years) and the target countries will be expanded to Anglophone African countries (third phase, five years).

V-2. Establishment of research network

Japan will build an international network among African, Asian, and donor countries' research and training institutes to carry out research, training and education for African development.

A network management committee, composed of at least one person from each of the four African regional networks of research/training institutes, and several persons from European/Asian research organizations, was organized on September 22, 1999 in Tokyo (at FASID, which will function as the secretariat). The committee approved the establishment of the network, and also discussed and agreed on the network's objectives (human resources development), added values (both Asian and African perspectives), initial research topics (globalization and poverty reduction the role of rural communities), rules, future schedule, etc.

On the day before the founding meeting, on September 21, several representatives from African research and training organizations (candidates for the network management committee who were approved on the 22nd) held an open seminar on the theme of "Research Results and Policy Implementation." Based on respective experience, they discussed a possible mechanism to ensure research results are effectively reflected in development policies and programs. Committee members appointed by the management committee reviewed previous research and made a framework for joint research. Based on the results of their work, selected African research advisors (selected through the advantage of existing African-based research networks) and European and Japanese researchers met and held a workshop on 22 March 2000 together with the network committee members on the contents and methods for full-fledged joint research to be carried out from 2001. The committee members selected joint researchers (research team by country) and subsequently held a workshop in December to discuss the content and methodology of the research. Based on the outcome of this workshop, a preliminary survey was conducted in six African countries. In 2001, following the preliminary surveys, further in-depth survey has been implemented.

V-3. Japan-Africa exchange programme

To gain and maintain the momentum for support to Africa after TICAD II, it is imperative to deepen understanding among the Japanese public on African development. Unlike the other TICAD follow-up initiatives, the main objective of this programme is to enhance Japanese people's understanding on Africa and to arouse more interest in Africa. With this program, the GOJ is trying to attract as much attention and participation of the general public as possible. In fiscal 1999-2000, MOFA held Africa-related lectures, symposiums, and events introducing African culture in cooperation with local governments and others at three different locations throughout Japan. Fukuoka (September), Nagoya (October) and Tokyo (March) were selected.

(i) Fukuoka

Date:	Saturday, September 4, 1999
Venue:	central business district of Fukuoka City
Event:	symposium ("For Making the Future of Africa." The keynote speaker was former Japanese ambassador to Nigeria Mr. Kazuhara, and panelists included Mr. Nogawa, Deputy Director_General of Middle Eastern and African Affairs Bureau, Foreign Ministry, Mr. Takezawa, a professor of anthropology from Kyushu University, Mr. Kasaini, a Zambian researcher based in Fukuoka among others.) Along with the symposium were a performance of African music, an exhibition of African news photographs, an exhibition of panel photographs showing Japan's economic cooperation to Africa, etc.

(ii) Nagoya

Date:	Saturday, October 23, 1999
Venue:	Nagoya International Hall
Event:	symposium ("Living Together with Africa." The keynote speakers were supposed to be the foreign minister of Zambia and Ambassador Kurokochi, but because of sudden illness, the minister could not make the trip to Japan; the Zambian ambassador to Japan read the keynote speech on his behalf. Among the panelists were Ambassador Farrah from Djibouti, Ambassador Kurokochi, Mr. Monta, a well-known pop singer who has traveled extensively to Africa, and others.) A panel photograph exhibition showing Japan's technical cooperation to Africa was also organized by JICA.

(iii) Tokyo

Date:	Sunday, March 26, 2000
Venue:	Hatagaya Community Hall and Hatagaya Life Long Learning Center in
Event:	Main events were a talk by Mr. Eitetsu Hayashi, the famous Taiko drummer on his experience in Africa, and African Music and Dance Show by H. Zawose Group from Tanzania and "Hakuna Taabu" consisting of both African and Japanese performers. In addition, a panel discussion entitled "What do we tell our children about Africa?" was organized with the cooperation of Africa-related NGO's and a local junior high school. Works by a South African photo-journalist were also exhibited. In fiscal year 2000-2001, "African Festa 2001" was held in Hibiya Park on March 24-25, 2001. It was an open-air festival in which African concerts, talks on Africa, fashion-show and displays of African handicrafts and photo-exhibitions among others were held. In fiscal year 2001-2002, "African Day in Kyoto" event was held at Kyoto International Conference Hall in Kyoto on November 24, 2001. There were African concerts, talk shows, photo-exhibition, "Kalimba" and dance workshop, and many other programmes in it.

V-4. Regional workshops on special topics

Japan has organized working-level workshops for three African regions (namely, the southern, eastern and western regions), inviting the countries in the region and regional organizations such as SADC, to address region-wide issues including environment, infectious diseases, road and transportation network infrastructure, etc. These workshops aimed to find and formulate specific projects through creating common understanding on the issues unique to the region.

The one held in South Africa in February, 1999, focused on transportation and traffic, being attended by 13 member countries of SADC, except for the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the SADC secretariat, SATCC, the EU and other donors. Based on the results of the workshop, Japan carried out a project formulation study from March to May, 1999, to form a transportation and traffic project benefiting the region. The "Development Study of the Kazungula Bridge Construction over the Zambezi River" is being carried out.

Moreover, a workshop focusing on western Africa, the "Water Management Workshop in West Africa," was held in March 2000. Japan is preparing to send a project survey team following this workshop in this fiscal year.

VI. Follow-up Mechanisms

VI-1. Regional Review meetings on the targets of the Tokyo Agenda for Action

A regional review meeting of the Tokyo Agenda for Action, focusing on education, health and population, was held in Zambia in November, 1999 (covering eastern and southern African countries). The results of the meeting are described below.

a. Ownership by the African countries

African countries repeatedly expressed that they themselves should take actions on their ownership to fulfill the targets in the Tokyo Agenda for Action. As African ownership and international partnership are the two major pillars of the Tokyo Agenda for Action, such voices of African countries are very encouraging factors for future African development.

b. Sharing of the Asian experience

Experiences in Asia over the past decades, both success and failure, were shared with the African countries in each session. For example, Japan's experience in education, the Philippines in supplying safe water, Thailand in combating HIV/AIDS and so on. Comparing such Asian experiences with African situations, the participants discussed the measures and policies to be taken in the future.

c. Deepening understanding among international organizations and donors

The participants from various UN organizations, donor countries, NGOs and the private sector also reaffirmed and deepened their understanding of the spirit of the Tokyo Agenda for Action. Furthermore, various organizations working actively for African development demonstrated their own activities and achievements, as well as difficulties and points to improve.

VI-2. Monitoring on the Tokyo Agenda for Action

At the preparatory meeting for TICAD Ministerial-level Meeting in October 2001, the Government of Japan requested every African country and Development partner to carry out monitoring on its own actions taken in accordance with Tokyo Agenda for Action. The submitted sheets will be used as a reference documents in the Ministerial-level Meeting and might be updated periodically after the meeting.

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