THE INITIAL REPORT OF JAPAN UNDER ARTICLE 44, PARAGRAPH 1 OF THE CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD (May 30, 1996)

CONTENTS

Japanese

Contents Paragraph
INTRODUCTION 1-11
I. GENERAL MEASURES OF IMPLEMENTATION 12-35
    A. Measures taken to harmonize national law and policy with the provisions of the Convention (art. 4) 12-25
    B. Existing or planned mechanisms at national or local levels for coordinating policies relating to children and monitoring the implementation of the Convention (art. 4) 26-29
    C. Dissemination of the Convention (art. 42) 30-34
    D. Publication of the report (art. 44, para. 6) 35
II. DEFINITION OF TDE CHILD (art. 1) 38-47
III. GENERAL PRINCIPLES 48-71
    A. Non-discrimination (art. 2) 48-53
    B. Best interests of the child 54-58
    C. The right to life, survival and development (art. 6) 59-60
    D. The opportunity to express the views (art. 12) 61-71
IV. CIVIL RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS 72-110
    A. Name and nationality (art. 7) 72-79
    B. Preservation of identity (art. 8) 80-82
    C. Freedom of expression (art. 13) 83-84
    D. Access to appropriate information (art. 17) 85-99
    E. Freedom of thought, conscience and religion (art. 14) 100
    F. Freedom of association and of peaceful assembly (art. 15) 101
    G. Protection of privacy (art. 16) 102-106
    H. The right not to be subjected to torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (art. 37 (a)) 107-110
V. FAMILY ENVIRONMENT AND ALTERNATIVE CARE 111-160
    A. Parental guidance (art. 5 and art. 18, para.1) 111-113
    B. Parental responsibilities (art. 18, paras. 1-2) 114-122
    C. Separation from parents (art. 9) 123-129
    D. Family reunification (art. 10) 130-133
    E. Recovery of maintenance for the child (art. 27, para. 4) 134-137
    F. Children deprived of a family environment (art. 20) 138-141
    G. Adoption (art. 21) 142-149
    H. Illicit transfer and non-return (art. 11) 150
    I. Abuse and neglect (art. 19) 151-159
    J. Periodic review of placement (art. 25) 160
VI. BASIC HEALTD AND WELFARE 161-214
    A. Survival and development (art. 6, para. 2) 161-165
    B. Disabled children (art. 23) 166-180
    C. Health and health services (art. 24) 181-191
    D. Social security and child care services and facilities (art. 26 and 18, para. 3) 192-213
    E. Standard of living (art. 27) 214
VII. EDUCATION, LEISURE AND CULTURAL ACTIVITIES 215-248
    A. Education, including vocational guidance (art. 28) 215-229
    B. Aims of education (art. 29) 230-231
    C. Leisure, recreation and cultural activities (art. 31) 232-248
VIII. SPECIAL PROTECTION MEASURES 249-306
    A. Refugee children (art. 22) 249-253
    B. Children in armed conflicts (art. 38) 254-255
    C. The administration of juvenile justice (art. 40) 256-273
    D. Children deprived of their liberty, including any forms of detention, imprisonment or placement in custodial settings (art. 37 (b), (c) and (d)) 274-280
    E. The sentencing of juveniles, in particular the prohibition of capital punishment and life imprisonment (art. 37 (a)) 281
    F. Physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration (art. 39) 282-284
    G. Economic exploitation, including child labor (art. 32) 285-289
    H. Drug abuse (art. 33) 290-294
    I. Sexual exploitation and sexual abuse (art. 34) 295-300
    J. Other forms of exploitation (art. 36) 301-302
    K. Sale, trafficking and abduction (art. 35) 303-305
    L. Children belonging to a minority or an indigenous group (art. 30) 306

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