Japan-United States of America Relations

Political Relationship:

• Japan and the United States are strong allies sharing fundamental values and strategic interests, with the Japan-U.S. Security Arrangements at the core. The Japan-U.S. Alliance is the cornerstone of Japan’s foreign and security policy, and Japan closely coordinates and works together with the U.S. on a wide range of areas such as the regional situation, security, and economy including economic security.

Trade with Japan (2025):

• Exports to U.S.: 20,374.4 billion yen
• Imports from U.S.: 12,910.2 billion yen

Direct Investment Position (2025):

• Japan's Direct Investment to U.S.: 126.4 trillion yen (35% of total world share; #1 of the world)
• Direct Investment from U.S. to Japan: 8.8 trillion yen (26% of total world share; #1 of the world)

Number of Residents:

• Number of Japanese nationals residing in U.S.: 416,380 (October 2025)
• Number of American nationals residing in Japan: 69,787 (December 2025)

• Japan-U.S. Civil Air Transport Agreement (1953) (Memorandum of Understanding (2010), Note Exchange (2016))
• Japan-U.S. Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation (1953)
• Japan-U.S. Mutual Defense Assistance Agreement (MDA) (1954)
• Japan-U.S. Agreement on Guaranty of Investments (1954)
• Japan-U.S. Income Tax Convention (1955, 1972, 2004, 2019)
• Japan-U.S. Security Treaty (1960)
• Japan-U.S. Status of Forces Agreement (1960)
• Japan-U.S. Consular Convention (1964)
• Japan-U.S. Treaty on Extradition (1980)
• Visa Exemption Arrangement (1988)
• Japan-U.S. Cooperation Agreement on Anti-competitive Activities (1999)
• Japan-U.S. Social Security Agreement (2005)
• Japan-U.S. Treaty on mutual legal assistance in criminal matters (2006)
• Japan-U.S. General Security of Military Information Agreement (GSOMIA) (2007)
• Japan-U.S. Mutual Recognition Agreement (2008)
• Japan-U.S. Agreement on the Relocation of U.S. Marines from Okinawa to Guam (2009) (amended in 2014)
• Japan-U.S. Bilateral Aviation Safety Agreement (BASA)(2009)
• Special Measures Agreement (SMA) on Host Nation Support (HNS) (1st:1987; 9th:2022)
• Japan-U.S. Bilateral Agreement on Preventing and Combating Serious Crime (PCSC)(2014)
• Agreement to Supplement the Japan-U.S. Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA) on Environmental Stewardship (2015)
• Agreement on Cooperation with regard to the Implementation Practices relating to the Civilian Component of the U.S. Armed Forces in Japan, supplementary to the SOFA (2017)
• Japan-U.S. Acquisition and Cross-Serving Agreement (ACSA) (2017) (the former agreement (concluded in 1996, amended in 1998, 2004) expired upon the entry into force of the current Agreement)
• Japan-U.S. Trade Agreement (2020）
• Japan-U.S. Digital Trade Agreement (2020)
• Protocol Amending the Trade Agreement Between Japan and the United States of America (2023)
• Japan-U.S. Critical Minerals Agreement (CMA)(2023)

• (1) Mr. Shigeo Yamada, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Japan to the United States of America
• (2) Mr. George Glass, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to Japan (as of June 2026)