Diplomatic Bluebook

 

1993

Striving for a More Secure and

Humane World

 

 

 

MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS, JAPAN

 

 

This publication is the English translation of the "Gaiko-Seisho (Diplomatic Bluebook) 1993," originally published in Japanese.

The Diplomatic Bluebook is a report which the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs publishes annually for the reading of the Japanese public. The period which the 1993 Bluebook covers is, in principle, from January 1, 1993 to December 31, 1993.

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs hopes that this publication will help those readers abroad who are interested in Japan to deepen their understanding of Japan's foreign policy and diplomatic activities.

 

 

On Publishing the Diplomatic Bluebook 1993

(Preface to the Japanese Readers)

 

The world is now buffeting in the midst of turbulent changes. As the simple Cold War paradigm has disappeared, the international community, placed in a fluid and unclear situation, is groping for a framework for peace and stability in search of a more secure and humane world. The start of the resuscitated Cambodia, the progress in the Middle East peace process, and the substantial conclusion of the Uruguay Round trade negotiations after more than seven years of negotiations are results of such efforts. The international community, however, still faces many problems, including the danger of proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and regional conflicts such as the one in the former Yugoslavia. We have to actively tackle these problems with international cooperation.

Japan has come to have influence on fundamental problems of the international community and is expected to play a major role in constructing a new and better world. In response to such expectations, Japan has a responsibility to take an active part in the efforts toward world peace and stability.

Moreover, foreign policy today is largely related to the public at large, and international exchanges at the regional level and grassroots level are becoming increasingly active. In order for Japan to play an active and creative role in the international community, the further understanding and support of foreign policy on the part of the Japanese public at large are essential. It would be most gratifying if the Diplomatic Bluebook could help deepen public understanding of the international situation as well as of Japan's diplomatic activities.

 

June 1994

 

Koji Kakizawa                

Minister of Foreign Affairs      

 

 

 

CONTENTS

 

Chapter  I.  The International Situation of 1993

Section 1. Overview

Section 2. Major International Events

1. Regional Conflicts and Efforts Toward Peace

1-1.  Cambodia

1-2.  Middle East Peace

1-3.  The Former Yugoslavia

1-4.  Somalia

1-5.  The U.N. Peace-keeping Operations

2. Non-proliferation Regimes

2-1.  Strengthening of the Non-proliferation Regimes

2-2.  Problems Related to the Non-proliferation Regimes

(1) North Korea's Suspected Development of Nuclear Weapons

(2) Ukraine

(3) Nuclear Testing by China

3. Japan-U.S. Relations

4. Russia

5. International Economy

5-1.  Industrialized Economies

5-2.  Developing Countries

5-3.  Countries in Transition

6. Major Regional Movements

6-1.  North America

(1) The United States

(2) Canada

6-2. Europe

(1) Developments Toward Integration Centering on the EU

(2) The Sluggish European Economies

(3) Trends in the Former Socialist Countries including Central and Eastern Europe

(4) Search for a New European Security Order

6-3. Asia and Oceania

(1) Progress in Regional Cooperation

(2) China and Surrounding Countries/Areas

(3) The Korean Peninsula

(4) Southeast Asia

(5) Southwest Asia

(6) Oceania

6-4.  Latin America and the Caribbean

6-5.  Middle East

6-6.  Africa

 

Chapter II.  Striving for a More Secure, Prosperous and Humane World

Section 1. Overview

1. The Importance of Multilateral Cooperation

(1) Strengthening the Functions of the United Nations

(2) Trilateral Cooperation among Japan, the United States and Europe

2. Progress in Regional Cooperation

Section 2. Toward the Construction of a New International Framework

1. Building a More Peaceful and Secure World

1-1.  Ensuring Japan's Security

(1) The Japan-U.S. Security Arrangements

(2) Improvement of Japan's Defense Capability

(3) Diplomatic Efforts to Ensure International Peace and Security

1-2.  Security of the Asia-Pacific Region

(1) Maintaining the Presence and Engagement of the U.S. Forces

(2) Promoting Regional Cooperation

(3) Promoting the Security Dialogue of the Entire Region

(4) Encouraging Economic Developments

1-3.  Efforts Toward Peace and Japan's Contribution

(1) Overview

(2) Coping with Regional Conflicts

(3) The Role of the United Nations

1-4.  Promoting Arms Control and Disarmament

(1) Nuclear Arms Reduction of the United States and Russia, and the Problem of Nuclear Weapons of the Former Soviet Union

(2) Strengthening of the Nuclear Non-proliferation Regimes

(3) Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC)

(4) The Issue of Transfer of Conventional Arms

(5) Strengthening of the Export Controls

(6) Russia's Ocean Dumping of Radioactive Wastes

2. Ensuring and Expanding Prosperity

2-1.  Ensuring Sustainable Growth of the World Economy and Japan's Role

(1) Uruguay Round

(2) Tackling the Unemployment Problem

(3) New Policy Issues

(4) Moves Toward Regional Integration and Cooperation, and the Asia-Pacific Region

(5) Bilateral Consultations

(6) Energy Issues

(7) Fishery Issues

(8) Japan's Policy Efforts

2-2.  Developing Countries

(1) Coping with the Problems of Developing Countries

(2) The Problems of Primary Commodities

(3) The Accumulated External Debt Problem

(4) Dialogues with the DNMEs

2-3.  Contributions through Official Development Assistance (ODA)

(1) ODA Overview

(2) Application of the Principles of the ODA Charter

(3) Formulation of the Fifth Medium-Term Target (quantitative increase and qualitative improvement)

(4) Forms of Japan's Official Development Assistance (ODA)

3. Groping for a More Humane World

3-1.  Promoting Introduction of Freedom, Democracy and a Market Economy

3-2.  Environment

(1) Basic Recognition

(2) Trend in the International Community

(3) Japan's Contribution

3-3.  Drugs and Terrorism

(1) Drug Problem

(2) Terrorism

3-4.  Human Rights and Humanitarian Problems

(1) Human Rights

(2) Humanitarian Problems

3-5.  The Population Issue

3-6.  International Cultural Exchange and Cooperation

(1) Basic Recognition

(2) Promoting International Mutual Understanding

(3) Promotion of International Cultural Cooperation

(4) Strengthening of Institutions for Promoting Cultural Exchange

3-7.  Cooperation on Science and Technology

(1) The Role to be Played by Science and Technology

(2) Bilateral and Multialteral Cooperation in Science and Technology

 

Chapter III. Foreign Policy Implementation Structure

1. Diplomatic Functions

(1) The Need to Strengthen Diplomatic Functions

(2) Efforts to Improve Organization, Personnel and Budget

2. Consular Functions

(1) Increase in the Number of Japanese Tourists and Protection of Japanese Abroad

(2) Foreigners in Japan

3. Diplomacy and Public Opinion