Official Development Assistance (ODA)

   For the implementation of Japanese ODA, in addition to the principles laid out in its ODA Charter, such as freedom, democracy, fundamental human rights, and the realization of a market economy, Japan also places emphasis on the perspective of “human security,” which aims to create a society in which each individual can lead a life of full human dignity through the protection of, and the capacity development of, individuals and local communities. Japan also works to advance cooperation with NGOs and other partners in order to promote human security.

   The expansion and development of the Asian market has resulted in a deepening of interdependent relationships among countries in the region. It is becoming increasingly important that ODA is used to promote private-sector economic activities and to reinforcing trade and investment environments, and to secure natural resources and energy.

   In response to the changes taking place in this era, a comprehensive review and revision of ODA was carried out in 2006 in order to bring about strategic, effective implementation. Specifically, in April the Overseas Economic Cooperation Council was established, made up of the Prime Minister, the Chief Cabinet Secretary, the Foreign Minister, the Finance Minister, and the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry. Through this, the headquarters function of the Cabinet with regard to the strategic provision of ODA was reinforced. In addition, at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, which has central responsibility for coordinating the formation and planning of ODA policy, the International Cooperation Planning Headquarters was established in March, and in August the International Cooperation Bureau was established through institutional reorganization. In this way the Ministry's functions to formulate and plan ODA policy were strengthened by further reinforcing coordination of bilateral assistance and multilateral assistance that is implemented through international organizations. In order to further reinforce coordination among assistance schemes, the Revised Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Law was passed in November, under which JICA would implement in principle technical cooperation, ODA loans, and grant aid in an integrated way. In addition to these changes, constant efforts to reform will be made, including the enhancement of field functions and the strengthening of collaboration with international organizations, other donors, NGOs, and other such entities.