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Japan has continually provided assistance to the Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research since March 1980, and, more recently, conducted technical cooperation at the Institute from 1999 to 2003. Furthermore, 36 short and long-term experts have been dispatched from Japan, and Japan has received 19 trainees, strengthening research capabilities and developing a research framework for infectious diseases control. Recently in Ghana, the treatment rate for tuberculosis has improved to 66.2% in 2005 from 55.1% in 2002 and the frequency of bilharziasis reduced from 9,834 in 2002 to 4,229 in 2006. Capacity building at the Institution provided by Japan greatly contributed to these achievements.