● Continued and Strengthened Support in the Field of Human Resource Development ● Setting of Policy Targets during Policy FormulationRecommendations Common to Multiple EvaluationsPartner CountriesOne of the policies put forward by the Government of Japan is to promote public-private cooperation in ODA projects. In all three country assistance evaluations, recommendations were made on initiatives to promote activities by private corporations, and to strengthen cooperation with the private sector. The evaluations touched on providing support for developing legal systems toward improving the investment environment (Timor-Leste, Malawi), as well as the proactive utilization of private-sector cooperation schemes (Peru).● Strengthening Public Relations on Japan’s CooperationRecommendations with Possible Applicability to Other CasesAnnual Report on Japan’s ODA Evaluation 202206the “Diplomatic Viewpoint” and “Development Viewpoint” have been combined since FY2021. Also, verification items related to “Diplomatic Importance” are now included among “Relevance of Plans,” and verification items related to “Diplomatic Impact” are included among “Effectiveness of Results.”diplomatic impacts including enhancing Japan’s presence and trust in Japan, as well as strengthening bilateral relations.In the FY2021 country assistance evaluations, the significance of Diplomatic Importance and Diplomatic Impact was confirmed for all countries, while a certain degree of impact was observed. It was confirmed that ODA has been used effectively as an important diplomatic tool to strengthen bilateral relations, promote understanding toward Japan, and enhance friendly relations. On the other hand, with regard to strengthening economic relations and promoting the expansion and investment of private-sector companies, the evaluations pointed out that there are still areas that have not yet produced results.The Evaluation on Japan’s Education Cooperation Policy concluded that the implementation of ODA had produced In the evaluation of Japan’s ODA to all three countries, recommendations were issued on continuing and strengthening support in the field of human resource development. The evaluations pointed out the importance of human resource development for achieving sustainable economic growth (Timor-Leste), that technical cooperation leading to long-term human resource development should be continued (Peru), and that Japan has comparative advantage in technical cooperation through human resource development at the grassroots level (Malawi).● Promoting Improvements to the Investment Environment and Cooperation with the Private Sector in The Evaluation of Japan’s ODA to Malawi and the Evaluation on Japan’s Education Cooperation Policy recommended strengthening publicity on Japan’s cooperation toward the people of partner countries and the international community. The Evaluation on Japan’s Education Cooperation Policy pointed out that Japan’s “Learning Strategy for Peace and Growth” (formulated in 2015) does not set out an implementation period nor criteria, targets, and indicators for the achievement of goals. Therefore, it is unclear against what the achievement status is measured. It recommended that these should be established and incorporated into the policy during the next policy formulation. This is not limited to education cooperation policy; setting policy targets is important to implement and monitor the policy, conduct objective evaluations, and bring about improvements in the next policy. Therefore, target-setting should be considered in the formulation of other ODA-related policies. RecommendationsThe five ODA evaluations conducted in FY2021 make recommendations based on their respective individual circumstances (see pages 23 to 26 for the respective recommendations and the response actions taken). Of those recommendations, the following are common to multiple evaluations or applicable to other cases.
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