(1) Measures that contribute to the advancement of (2) A “Human Resources Bank (tentatively named) ” for Malawian students and trainees (studied or studying in Japan) should be established to strengthen their network building and application.A “Human Resources Bank (tentatively named)” for Malawian students and trainees who have studied or are studying in Japan to build a human resources network should be set up on the cloud under the jurisdiction of the JICA Malawi Office, taking into consideration the protection of personal information of registrants. For its operation, the alumni association for former students and trainees called the Kakehashi should be mobilized. By allowing the Kakehashi to operate the Bank proactively, Japan should support the Kakehashi not only to be the hub for the network among Malawian students and trainees, but also to be a bridge between them and the public in Malawi, as well as a bridge to Japanese SMEs, investors, and NGOs. Upon establishing the Bank, a knowledge co-creation program and/or a technical cooperation project can be introduced, as making the Bank user friendly for Japanese SMEs and investors can also contribute to Recommendation 1.(3) Strategic and continuous utilization of Japan Overseas Recommendations Based on Evaluation Results(4) Public diplomacy strategies aimed at the people of Malawi should be strengthened.ODA’s public relations should be reconsidered strategically so that ODA’s diplomatic spillover effect can be enhanced. Japan should continue to upgrade its “face-to-face” assistance so that not only our faces can be seen but also messages from Japanese people to Malawian people can be heard. Japan should envisage two-way diplomacy utilizing participatory social media such as SNS so that the voice of the Japanese people can be conveyed not only to the government and aid officials in Malawi but also to the public. The Kakehashi should be given a public relations function for the domestic audience in Malawi, which the Malawi Society of Japan has fulfilled in Japan. Taking advantage of former trainees and students who are blessed with the power to influence others, Japan should increase the frequency of dissemination on SNS, and should request Malawian influencers and artists to effectively publicize Japan’s ODA on SNS to improve the quality of ODA public relations.Annual Report on Japan’s ODA Evaluation 202214relationship between Japan and Malawi. Although efforts were made through the “African Business Education Initiative for Youth (ABE initiative)” to link Japan’s small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) with Malawi’s industrial workforce, at this point, they have not resulted in the expansion of Japanese business and private sector investment in Malawi.Japanese SMEs and NGOs, and the improvement of the investment environment should be strengthened further.In collaboration with countries and donors who have supported the formation of Malawi’s legal system, Japan should scrutinize Malawi’s corporate and tax laws and support revision procedures to remove barriers to entry for foreign companies, NGOs, and investment. Japan should also collaborate with other donors to provide technical cooperation to simplify customs procedures. Without being bound by the traditional development sectors, Japan should explore fields such as entrepreneurship, finance, and investment that promote business opportunities for Japanese SMEs. The selection criteria for the “ABE Initiative” fellows should be revised to find human resources with strong entrepreneurship, including candidates for executives of private companies, which would contribute to the improvement of supportive infrastructure for Japanese SMEs to envision joint ventures with Malawian entrepreneurs.Cooperation Volunteers (JOCVs) and core human resources on the Malawi side should be pursued.Japan’s comparative advantage in supporting Malawi lies in its technical cooperation through human resource development at the grassroots level. In this effort, Japan should make effective use of former JOCVs. To promote this, opportunities for former JOCVs to acquire specialized knowledge and skills should be increased. By allowing JOCVs to continue working in Malawi after their term expires, they should be provided with additional opportunities to gain experience and improve their expertise, which could prepare a career path for them to become Senior Volunteers and Experts. Identify Malawian counterparts and former trainees of Japanese projects as core human resources and enhance follow-up with them in order to encourage their continued involvement. They should be allowed to update periodically their knowledge and skills through refresher training. To improve their knowledge and skills further, the Project for Human Resource Development Scholarship (JDS) should be introduced in Malawi, expanding their options to advance their career at graduate schools in Japan, adding to the menu of existing long-term training schemes such as “ABE Initiative” and “SDGs Global Leaders.”Farmers in Malawi (© NIWA Katsusuke)
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