As for PR about Japan's ODA in a wide range of the popu‑lation, MOFA has been utilizing various approaches such as sending press releases to local media and sending messages via the Embassy's website and Facebook. Signicant and sustainable effects could be expected when implementing cooperation in prioritized sectors in the partner country's development policy where the government takes ini‑tiative. In Latin America, collaboration with the Inter-American Devel‑opment Bank (IDB) was conrmed to be more effective than bilateral cooperation because of larger fund, easier formulation and implementation of project, and less administrative costs. It was also conrmed that combining different schemes in a program could generate synergy and greater impact.Japan should consider the best way of approaching based on issues when implementing cooperation in multiple countries or regions.For example, when implementing a project of a specic theme, it would be more efcient to share knowledge, lessons learned, and results obtained in one country with other countries.On the other hand, when approaching regional common is‑sues that cannot be addressed by a single country, it would be more effective to cooperate through a regional coordina‑tion agency as a point of contact, which has an advantage in facilitating unication of standards and procedures within the region.It is useful to formulate policy objectives more clearly as well as to set specic indicators for each cooperation program goal in order to properly evalu‑ate ODA results at policy level.Supporting the initiatives of the partner country will be considered in the next revision of the Country Assistance Policy, scheduled for 2021 or later.As for co-nancing project with IDB, the project to promote ener‑gy-saving electrication in Nicaragua was completed in 2019. In addition, JICA and IDB continue to cooperate in implementation of a project to improve the sewage system in the metropolitan area of Costa Rica. Japan has been holding regular consultations with IDB to explore the possibility of new co-nancing projects.To promote strategic inter-scheme combination in Japan's ODA in one common program, Japan is implementing loan aid project (bridge project) in Nicaragua's transportation/trafc sector in com‑bining with grant aid and technical cooperation projects implement‑ed in the past. In addition, introduction of technologies and meth‑ods in the Central America is being promoted primarily in education and health care sectors through combination between technical cooperation and volunteer projects.With regard to utilizing the expertise and lessons learned through case studies conducted in the region, the "One Village, One Prod‑uct" Movement has gained popularity in El Salvador as part of efforts to address income disparities. This initiative is now being applied in Guatemala and Honduras as well. In police sector, similar activities are implemented in Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador with cooperation of Brazilian govern‑ment based on its successful cases. Also, in the health, disaster prevention, and education sectors, projects are being formulated with a view to achieving synergy effect obtained by combining suc‑cessful practices.The framework of the Central American Integration System (SICA) is used to address regional common issues in the Central American Lessons Learned from Cooperation toward Costa Rica and NicaraguaImplementation Status of Response Actions: Costa Rica and NicaraguaSharing of disaster management information among residents(Guatemala: Project on Capacity Development for Disaster Risk Management in Central America)Photo provided by JICAMulukuku Bridge(Nicaragua: Bridge and National Road Construction Project)Photo provided by JICA25
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