Evaluation of Japan's ODA to Costa Rica and NicaraguaNote: Field surveys were not conducted in Nicaragua due to the worsened social/political situation during the evaluation period. The evaluation of Japan's ODA to Nicaragua is based on a literature survey conducted in Japan and written interviews. Recommendations have been replaced with lessons learned based on the evaluation results, which concern both Costa Rica and Nicaragua.Recommendations: Costa RicaCreation of a biogas plant using receiving tanks(Costa Rica: Project for Promoting Participatory Biodiversity Conservation)Photo provided by Kenshiro Imamura/JICACooperation for climate change mitigation should be continued, es‑pecially to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the urban transpor‑tation sector which has a growing need for continuous assistance. It is particularly worth examining the possibility of cooperation to facilitate public transportation, such as train systems, which con‑tribute to a signicant reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by using Japan's technology and experience of cooperation in other countries.Given the urgent need for cooperation to mitigate economic dis‑parities between urban and rural areas in Costa Rica, Japan should extend the cooperation nationwide. Japan could support system‑atization of diffusing "livelihood improvement approach" and also provide technical assistance for promotion of Micro, Small and Me‑dium Enterprises in rural areas.Implementing a study to sort out and identify critical issues in Cos‑ta Rica as a middle-income country may enable stakeholders to specify relevant themes and means of ODA. Such ndings could be utilized in the formulation of development cooperation policies for other middle-income countries.Costa Rica actively promotes triangular cooperation. As its partner, Japan should implement triangular cooperation with Costa Rica to other Latin America countries in order to strengthen the capacity of Costa Rica to implement cooperation.Japan needs to develop better PR strategies to let a variety of peo‑ple know about Japan's ODA. For example, it is essential for Japan to share its strategies with Costa Rican stakeholders and cooperate in PR activities in order to efciently promote Japan's ODA. Moreover, Japan should effectively utilize social media in order to reach people of all ages.In March 2019, JICA held a seminar in Costa Rica to share its expe‑rience on cooperation in the urban transportation sector. Currently, Implementation Status of Response Actions: Costa Ricathe Costa Rican stakeholders are considering the future develop‑ment projects in this sector.With regard to the livelihood improvement approach, Japan con‑tinues to promote human resources development through themat‑ic training programs in order to support the Ministry of Agriculture and Stock Farming of Costa Rica promoting the approach to wider areas. In the areas where cooperation using the livelihood improve‑ment approach has been implemented, JICA has begun to ad‑dress systematization of the activities the residents have practiced. As for promotion of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, Japan continues to provide support in Central America, utilizing human resources trained in Costa Rica.Measures for responding to specic issues for middle-income countries will be considered in the next revision of the Country As‑sistance Policy for Costa Rica, which is scheduled for 2021 or later.As for promotion of triangular cooperation with Costa Rica and other Latin American countries, consultations are underway with Costa Rica in the environment sector, such as geothermal develop‑ment, where Japan has advanced technology. Particularly in the environmental sector, it is expected that experi‑ence accumulated in Costa Rica would be shared with eight Cen‑tral American countries through ongoing the "Project for Capacity Development on Integrated Management and Conservation of Biodiversity at regional level in SICA Region."24
元のページ ../index.html#25